This tenses are
used to denote something that is fixed, habitual or an essential truth. Because
it is often related to the incident at about past, present and future, this at
least has the Tenses description for a certain time.
Formula:
(+) S
+ V1 + O/C
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+) Sisca
reads book everyday.
(-) Sisca does not read book everyday.
(?) Does Sisca read book everyday?
Yes,
she does. / No, she does not.
2.
Present
Continuous Tense
This tenses are
used to express an action which is actually being done at this time.
Formula:
(+) S
+ be + V1 + ing + O/C
(-) S + be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
(?) Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C
Example:
(+) He
is playing badminton now
(-) He is not playing badminton now
(?) Is he playing badminton now?
Yes,
he is. / No, he is not.
3.
Present
Perfect Tense
This tenses are
used to express your experience. This sentence can used to say that you have
never had a certain experience. Present Perfect Tense didn’t use to describe
specific event.
Formula:
(+) S
+ has/have + been + O/C
S + has/have + V3 + O/C
(-) S
+ has/have + not + been + O/C
S + has/have + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Have/has
+ S + been + O/C
Have/has + S + V3 + O/C
Example:
(+) He
has been at home for a month.
Roni has eaten the steak already.
(-) He has not been at home for a month.
Roni
has not eaten the steak already.
(?) Has he been at home for a month?
Has
he eaten the steak already?
Yes,
he has. / No, he has not.
4.
Past
Definite
It
is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. it is associated
with certain past time expressions for example, a
definite point in time. (last week, when I was a child, yesterday,
six weeks ago)
Formula:
S
+ V-2
Examples:
- We
saw a good film last week.
- Yesterday,
I arrived in Geneva.
- She
finished her work atseven o'clock.
- I
went to the theatre last night.
- I
studied civil engineering for almost 4 years.
5. Past Continuous Tense
This
tense is used to say when we were in the middle of doing at a particular moment
in the past.
Formula:
(+) S
+ to be (was/were) + V-ing + O/C
(-) S
+ to be (was/were) + not + V-ing + O/C
(?) Was/were
+ S + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) She
was sleeping when I came.
(-) She was not sleeping when I came.
(?) Was she sleeping when you came?
Yes,
she was. / No, she was not.
6.
Past
Perfect Tense
The
Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action
in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in
the past.
Formula:
(+) S
+ had + V3 + O/C
(-) S
+ had + not + V3 + O/C
(?) Had
+ S + V3 + O/C
Example:
(+) He
had gone to Bali when I called him.
(-) He had not gone to Bali when I called him.
(?) Had he gone to Bali when you called him?
Yes,
he had. / No, he had not.
7.
Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
We
use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past. “For five minutes” and “for two
weeks” are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous.
Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous however, the
duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the
past.
Formula:
(+) S
+ had + been + V-ing + O/C
(-) S
+ had + not + been + V-ing + O/C
(?) Had
+ S + been + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) They
had been living in Jakarta about ten years.
(-) They had not been living in Jakarta about ten
years.
(?) Had they been living in Jakarta about ten
years?
Yes,
they had. / No, they had not.
8.
Simple
Future Tense
often called
will. because, the modal auxiliary verb in this sentence is will.
Formula:
(+) S
+ will/shall + V1 + O/C
S + am/is/are + going to + V1 + O/C
(-) S
+ will/shall + not + V1 + O/C
S + am/is/are + not + going to + V1
+ O/C
(?) Will/shall
+ S + V1 + O/C
Am/is/are + S + going to + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+) She
will eat fried rice.
She is going to eat fried rice.
(-) She will not eat fried rice.
She is not going to eat fried rice.
(?) Will she eat fried rice?
Is she going to eat fried rice?
Yes,
she will. / No, she will not.
Yes,
she is. / No, she is not.
9. Future
Perfect Tense
This sentence is
used when we talk about the past in the future.
Formula:
(+) S
+ shall/will + have + been + C
S + shall/will + have + V3 + O
(-) S
+ shall/will + not + have + been + C
S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O
(?) Shall/will
+ S + have + been + C
Shall/will + S + have + V3 + O
Example:
(+) I
will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
He will have rented my house next
month.
(-) I
will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning.
He will not have rented my house
next month.
(?) Will you have been in this hospital until
tomorrow morning?
Will he have rented my house next
month?
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
10.
Conditional
Sentences
Conditional
tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened,
and what we wish would happen.
10.1.
Zero Conditional
In
zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the
simple present.
10.2.
Type 1 Conditional
In
a Type 1 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple
present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future.
10.3.
Type 2 Conditional
In
a Type 2 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple past,
and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional
10.4.
Type 3 Conditional
In
a Type 3 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect,
and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional.
Formula:
Type
0: if + simple present, simple present
Type
1: if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
Type
2: if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
Type
3: if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle
Examples:
Type
0: If we burn paper, it becomes ash.
Type
1: If I meet her, I will introduce myself.
Type
2: If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
Type
3: If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
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